ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To investigate the incidence of infection in patients with gunshot-related fractures, and to correlate this finding with the occurrence of surgical debridement in the emergency room. Methods A retrospective, observational, descriptive study that included all cases of fractures caused by firearms between January 2010 and December 2014; 245 fractures in 223 patients were included. Results There was surgical-site infection in 8.5% of the fractures, and the mean number of debridements required to control the infectious process was of 1.273 ± 0.608. A correlation was identified between the surgical treatment chosen and the affected body segment (p< 0.001). The surgical treatment in the emergency room had a correlation with the occurrence of infection (p< 0.001; Chi-squared test). Conclusion Patients with gunshot injuries treated non-operatively presented less severe and stable lesions; thus, the incidence of complications in this group was found to be lower. On the other hand, those patients with complex lesions underwent debridement and external fixation. Therefore, a greater number of infectious complications in patients submitted to external fixation was found, as expected.
Resumo Objetivo Investigar a incidência de infecção em pacientes com fraturas por arma de fogo, e correlacionar esse achado com a ocorrência de desbridamento cirúrgico na sala de emergência. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo, que incluiu todos os casos de fraturas causadas por armas de fogo entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2014; foram incluídas 245 fraturas em 223 pacientes. Resultados Houve infecção do local cirúrgico em 8,5% das fraturas, e a média de desbridamentos necessários para controlar o processo infeccioso foi de 1,273 ± 0,608. Foi identificada correlação entre o tratamento cirúrgico escolhido e o segmento corporal afetado (p< 0,001). O tratamento cirúrgico na sala de emergência teve correlação com a ocorrência de infecção (p< 0,001; teste do qui-quadrado). Conclusão Pacientes com ferimentos à bala tratados de forma não operatória apresentaram lesões menos graves e estáveis; portanto, a incidência de complicações nesse grupo foi menor. Por outro lado, os pacientes com lesões complexas foram aqueles submetidos a desbridamento e fixação externa. Portanto, como esperado, foi encontrado um maior número de complicações infecciosas em pacientes submetidos à fixação externa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Wound Infection/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries , Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology , Firearms , Debridement , Emergency Service, Hospital , Fractures, Bone , Fires , Hand , InfectionsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: a pesar de los avances de las técnicas quirúrgicas, anestésicas y de la biotecnología, las infecciones posoperatorias es una complicación para el paciente operado, aumentan la morbimortalidad, y tienen repercusiones socioeconómicas desfavorables. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de las infecciones posoperatorias y los posibles factores relacionados con su aparición. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 72 pacientes operados de cirugías mayores que presentaron infecciones posoperatorias en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Manuel Piti Fajardo de Florida, en el trienio 2015-2017, según variables seleccionadas. Resultados: la tasa de infecciones posquirúrgicas resultó inferior a lo esperado. Se infectaron más las operaciones sucias electivas. Las infecciones incisionales superficiales fueron las más frecuentes. La gran mayoría de las intervenciones demoraron menos de dos horas. El germen más aislado fue Staphylococcus aureus. La media de estadía hospitalaria se elevó de forma considerable y la tasa de mortalidad fue baja. Conclusiones: la tasa de infecciones posoperatorias en general se consideró aceptable y baja la mortalidad al compararlas con otros informes. El grado de contaminación y tipo de cirugía se relacionaron con la aparición de las infecciones. Debe insistirse en las medidas preventivas como profilaxis antimicrobiana y otras que deben comenzar en el preoperatorio, continuar durante la intervención y prolongarse en el posoperatorio, por las repercusiones socioeconómicas desfavorables de esta temible complicación.
ABSTRACT Background: despite advances in surgical, anesthetic and biotechnology techniques, postoperative infections continue to be a complication for the operated patient, increase morbidity and mortality, and have unfavorable socioeconomic repercussions. Objective: to determine the incidence of postoperative infections and the possible factors related to their appearance in the patients attended in our institution. Methods: an observational, descriptive and transversal study of 72 patients operated of major surgeries who presented postoperative infections in the General Surgery service of the General Hospital Manuel Piti Fajardo at Florida, in the 2015-2017 triennium, according to selected variables. Results: the postoperative infections rate was lower than expected. The dirty elective operations became more infected. The superficial incisional infections were the most frequent ones. The vast majority of interventions took less than two hours. The most isolated germ was Staphylococcus aureus. The average length of hospital stay increased considerably and the mortality rate was low. Conclusions: in general, the postoperative infections' rate was considered acceptable, and low mortality, compared to other reports. The degree of contamination and type of surgery were related to the appearance of infections. Emphasis should be placed on preventive measures such as antimicrobial prophylaxis and others that should be taken in the preoperative period, to continue during the intervention, and to be extended in the postoperative period, due to the unfavorable socioeconomic repercussions of this fearsome complication.